During a recent catheter care training session, I was asked about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially for a resident who frequently acquires UTIs despite diligent care during catheter changes and urinary bag emptying.
UTIs are a common complication of catheter use, often due to improper catheter care. Catheters, particularly indwelling ones, create a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the bladder, bypassing the body’s natural defenses. When catheters are not managed properly, the risk of infection significantly increases.
Factors Contributing to UTI Development:
- Contamination During Insertion: If sterile techniques are not rigorously followed during catheter insertion, bacteria from the patient’s skin or the healthcare provider’s hands can be introduced into the urinary tract.
- Inadequate Hygiene: Poor hygiene practices, such as not regularly cleaning the catheter insertion site, can allow bacteria to colonise the area and travel up the catheter into the bladder.
- Long-Term Catheter Use: Prolonged use of a catheter increases the risk of biofilm formation—a slimy layer of bacteria that adheres to the catheter surface, making infections harder to treat and eradicate.
- Closed Drainage System Violations: If the closed drainage system is not maintained, such as by frequently disconnecting the catheter from the drainage bag, it can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
5. Improper Handling and Maintenance:
Not following proper protocols for catheter care, such as using unclean hands or equipment when handling the catheter, can introduce pathogens. Additionally, failing to change catheters at recommended intervals can increase the risk of infection.
Preventive Measures
To reduce the risk of UTIs from catheter use, it is crucial to adhere to strict aseptic techniques during insertion, maintain a closed drainage system, ensure regular and proper cleaning of the catheter site, and replace catheters as recommended. Healthcare providers and caregivers should be well-trained in these practices to minimise the risk of infection.
By understanding and addressing these factors, the incidence of catheter-associated UTIs can be significantly reduced, improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality.
